The Conductor’s Stairs: How a London Bus Gave Us the Idea of Exercise
In 1949 Jerry Morris compared London bus drivers with the conductors who climbed the stairs all day. The...
Longevity & Supplement Guides
Evidence-scored guides to supplements, biomarkers, and daily protocols. Written the way we score our products: honestly.
Showing 39 guides tagged “Training”.
Creatine Without Exercise: Read the 1.1 kg Slowly
A new trial says creatine added lean tissue in people who never trained. In the same study, twelve...
Readiness scores: the most confident number on your wrist
Nearly every wearable now grades your recovery before breakfast. The inputs have decades of research behind them; the...
220 minus age: the formula nobody derived
The most famous number in fitness was never the result of an experiment. It was a line drawn...
How close to failure do you need to train?
Gym culture treats the rep you cannot finish as the only honest one. Pooled effect sizes, a within-person...
The Burn Isn’t Lactic Acid — and Lactate Isn’t Waste
Your muscles make almost no lactic acid, and the lactate they do make is not rubbish to be...
Muscle Memory: What Your Body Actually Keeps
Take three months off and the comeback feels suspiciously fast. The cellular story everyone repeats is contested —...
Exercise is a poor way to lose weight — and the best way to keep it off
A physiologist’s essay doing the rounds says exercise barely helps you lose weight. The research agrees — and...
There are fewer non-responders than you think
Non-response to training mostly disappears when you change the dose or the type of exercise. What four trials...
The everlasting staircase: how the treadmill learned to measure you
In 1818 an engineer built a machine to prove that a prisoner had worked. Forty years later a...
Eccentric training: the half of the rep most people throw away
A muscle is strongest while lengthening, and cheapest to run there. Here is what the eccentric-training evidence actually...
Three minutes of sprinting moved a quarter of the blood proteins. Then came hour three.
A new Cell Reports Medicine study found sprint intervals produce a far louder molecular signal than 90 minutes...
